SAPP (Sodium Acid PyroPhosphate, Na₂H₂P₂O₇) is an inorganic phosphate additive used as a rheology modifier and thinner for water-based drilling fluids.
In clay-based systems SAPP acts as a deflocculant. It reduces the degree of coagulation and aggregation of clay particles and lowers plastic viscosity and gel strength, which improves pumpability of the drilling fluid and makes hydraulics easier to manage. At the same time SAPP affects the filtration properties and buffer system of the fluid, reducing fluid loss and allowing pH to be adjusted in the slightly acidic range
Physical Properties and Chemical Composition
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, chemical formula Na₂H₂P₂O₇
Parameter ;Value
Appearance; Free-flowing white powder
Active substance content ;Up to 75%
pH of 1% aqueous solution at 25 °C; Approx. 3.7 (acidic)
Efficient thinner and rheology modifier for water-based clay drilling fluids
-2-
Reduces viscosity and gel structure of the fluid, improving pumpability and the hydraulic performance of the circulation systeme
-3-
Has buffering properties and helps adjust the drilling fluid pH within the required rang
Application and Dosage Recommendations
SAPP is added to the drilling fluid as an aqueous solution. It is recommended to dissolve the additive in part of the make-up water or feed it into the circulation system under vigorous agitation to ensure even distribution and full contact with the clay particles
The typical dosage range of SAPP in water-based drilling fluids is 0.5–5.0 kg/m³, depending on the required degree of thinning, the initial rheology and the fluid composition. For highly structured or high-clay systems the dosage may be adjusted based on laboratory tests, monitoring plastic viscosity, gel strength and fluid loss
When using SAPP, its effect on pH should be taken into account: if necessary, it is recommended to use it together with alkaline additives or buffers to keep pH within the target range set by the drilling program and the drilling fluid specification
Packaging and Storage Conditions
SAPP is supplied in 25 kg bags made of durable material with a moisture-barrier layer. The bags are stacked on pallets and secured for ease of transport and warehousing. Store in a dry warehouse protected from precipitation and direct contact with moisture. After part of the product has been taken, an opened bag must be closed tightly or the remainder transferred to a sealed container to prevent caking and loss of flowability
Safety Requirements
Standard personal protective equipment must be used when handling SAPP: protective gloves, safety glasses and, if necessary, respiratory protection when handling the powder. Avoid contact of the product and its solutions with eyes and skin; in case of contact, rinse the affected area with water and seek medical attention if necessary
Discuss your application requirements with our technical team and request a product sample for laboratory testing